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ABSTRACT Introduction: Martial arts demand a high-stability from their athletes, allied to a fast speed in complex movements. These characteristics have been shown to increase in other sports with the strengthening of the abdominal core of their athletes, and it is believed that martial arts practitioners could also benefit from this additional exercise. Objective: Explore the influences of abdominal core strengthening on explosive strength in martial arts athletes. Methods: Twenty martial arts athletes were selected and randomly divided between the experimental and control group. The experimental group did abdominal core strength training associated with traditional physical training, while the control group practiced only traditional physical training. After the experiment, new physical tests were performed, comparing the pre and post results regarding peak torque, explosive strength, and impact explosive strength of martial arts athletes. Results: The relative strike force of the straight fist in the experimental group increased from 25.75 to 31.89 after the experiment; the relative strike force to the lower limbs increased from 37.64 to 47.00 after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: After the executed strength training, the athletes' extensor peak torque and impact explosive strength indexes were significantly enhanced, evidencing the improvement of the explosive strength of martial arts athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: As artes marciais exigem de seus atletas uma alta estabilidade aliada a rápida velocidade em complexos movimentos. Essas características mostraram elevarem-se em outros esportes com o fortalecimento do centro abdominal de seus atletas e acredita-se que os praticantes de artes marciais também poderiam beneficiarem-se desse exercício adicional. Objetivo: Explorar as influências do fortalecimento do centro abdominal sobre a força explosiva nos atletas de artes marciais. Métodos: Vinte atletas de artes marciais foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente entre grupo experimental e controle. O grupo experimental fez o treinamento da força do centro abdominal associado ao treinamento físico tradicional enquanto o grupo de controle praticou apenas o treinamento físico tradicional. Após o experimento, foram feitos novos testes físicos, comparando os resultados prévios e posteriores referentes ao torque de pico, força explosiva e força explosiva de impacto dos atletas de artes marciais. Resultados: A força de golpe relativa do punho reto no grupo experimental aumentou de 25,75 para 31,89 após o experimento; a força de golpe relativa aos membros inferiores aumentou de 37,64 para 47,00 após o experimento (p<0.05). Conclusão: Após o treinamento de fortalecimento executado, o torque de pico dos extensores e os índices da força explosiva de impacto dos atletas foram significativamente reforçados, evidenciando a melhora da força explosiva dos atletas de artes marciais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
Resumen Introducción: Las artes marciales exigen de sus atletas una gran estabilidad aliada a una rápida velocidad en movimientos complejos. Se ha demostrado que estas características aumentan en otros deportes con el fortalecimiento del núcleo abdominal de sus atletas y se cree que los practicantes de artes marciales también podrían beneficiarse de este ejercicio adicional. Objetivo: Explorar las influencias del fortalecimiento del núcleo abdominal sobre la fuerza explosiva en atletas de artes marciales. Métodos: Se seleccionaron veinte atletas de artes marciales y se dividieron aleatoriamente entre el grupo experimental y el de control. El grupo experimental realizó un entrenamiento de fuerza en el núcleo abdominal asociado al entrenamiento físico tradicional, mientras que el grupo de control sólo practicó el entrenamiento físico tradicional. Tras el experimento, se realizaron más pruebas físicas comparando los resultados previos y posteriores en relación con el par máximo, la fuerza explosiva y la fuerza explosiva de impacto de los atletas de artes marciales. Resultados: La fuerza relativa de golpeo del puño recto en el grupo experimental aumentó de 25,75 a 31,89 después del experimento; la fuerza relativa de golpeo del miembro inferior aumentó de 37,64 a 47,00 después del experimento (p<0,05). Conclusión: Tras el entrenamiento de fortalecimiento ejecutado, aumentaron significativamente el par máximo de los extensores y los índices de fuerza explosiva de impacto de los atletas, lo que evidencia la mejora de la fuerza explosiva de los atletas de artes marciales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
Multi-factor research design is widely applied in scientific research. It can simultaneously explore the effects of multiple factors on outcome indicators. The consideration of the interactive effects of different factors is a critical issue when analyzing this type of data. The analytic strategy for main effects or simple effects depends on the significance of the interactive effect. However, many researchers tend to skip the analysis on interactive effects, or wrongly select statistical analysis method because of ignoring the test result. In this study, SPSS 20.0 and R 3.6.1 statistical software were used to simulate and illustrate how to analyze data from two most popular multi-factor design data——factorial design and repeated measurement design. The significance of evaluating interactive effect and corresponding key point analysis was explained. The possible consequences of ignoring the statistical significance of interactive effects were indicated, that include leading to low inspection efficiency, prone to draw wrong conclusions, loss of valuable information in the original data, or loss of practical significance of the analytic results. It is suggested that in the analysis of research data, we should first judge whether there are interactive effects, and then correctly choose main effect analysis or single effect analysis to avoid one-sided and wrong conclusions.
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The epidemic situation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is developing rapidly in the world, and the influence is serious. In this study, the prescription of Mongolian medicine to prevent new type of COVID-19 was investigated. Based on the second edition and the third edition of COVID-19 Mongolian Medicine Prevention and Treatment Guidance Program issued by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Health Commission, using Excel 2007, SPSS Modeler 18, SPSS Statistics 25, Cytoscape 3.7.1 statistical software as a tool, the association rules analysis and cluster analysis of Mongolian medicine included in the standard were carried out. Among the 45 prophylactic prescriptions included in the standard, a total of 34 high-frequency drugs using frequency ≥5 were used, of which Carthami Flos(21 times, 4.46%), Chebulae Fructus(20 times, 4.26%), Moschus(13 times, 2.77%), Myristicae Semen(12 times, 2.55%), Santali Albi Lignum(12 times, 2.55%), and Bovis Calculus(12 times, 2.55%) were the most common. The main drugs for the prevention of COVID-19 were Liang(13 times, 38.23%), Wen(9 times, 26.47%), the flavor was Ku(20 times, 34.48%), Xin(13 times, 22.41%), Gan(11 times, 18.97%), the most used drugs treating hot evil(99 times, 32.46%), treatment of "Heyi" drugs(51 times, 16.72%), treatment of "Badagan" drugs(40 times, 13.11%), treatment of "sticky" drugs(37 times, 12.13%), and a cough, eliminating phlegm and antiasthmatic(31 times, 10.16%), the association rule analysis found that the highest association intensity of the drug pair combination of 11. Clustering analysis using the cluster analysis of inter-group join method found a total of 8 categories. In this study, 45 prescriptions of Mongolian medicine for the prevention of COVID-19 were collec-ted and further analyzed, hoping to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Humans , Betacoronavirus , China , Coronavirus Infections , Drug Therapy , Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
According to clinical practice, the characteristics and issues of pragmatic randomized controlled trial(PRCT) and expertise-based randomized controlled trial (EBRCT) in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research were summarized. The characteristics of expertise-based pragmatic randomized controlled trial (EB-PRCT), which is the combination of above two, and its application in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical trial were explored. PRCT emphasizes the clinical practice, the positive control of standard therapy and the the blind performance on data collection and statistics. PRCT has the advantage of flexible grouping, nevertheless, it also has shortcomings such as higher cost and lack of typical subjects. EBRCT emphasizes the participation of professional acupuncturists, so that the therapeutic effect is ensured, the compliance of subjects and the bias of manipulation are improved. Thus, the replacement scheme of acupuncturists is essential in EBRCT. Having the complementary advantages, EB-PRCT provides a superior research method for acupuncture-moxibustion clinical trial, and leads to convincing results.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Moxibustion , Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic , Research DesignABSTRACT
Objective @#To explore the correlation between air pollution and outpatient visits,and to provide evidence for health risk assessment of air pollutants and intervention. @*Methods @#The data of air pollutants and outpatient visits in 2016 in Zhoushan Hospital were collected,and the outpatient volume on the days when the concentration of air pollutants reached and exceeded the standard were compared. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between outpatient volume and the concentration of air pollutants. @*Results @#In 2016,the median（inter-quartile range）of daily outpatient volume in Zhoushan Hospital was 3 304（1 638）person-times. O3,PM2.5 and PM10 were the primary air pollutants in Zhoushan in 2016. The average daily outpatient volume of internal medicine,circulatory system,other diseases and all when the air was polluted at light level or above were higher than those when the air quality was good（P< 0.05）. CO concentration was positively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system and circulatory system（P< 0.05）,was negatively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of all（P< 0.05）. O3-8 h concentration was positively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of internal medicine,other diseases and all（P< 0.05）,and was negatively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system and pediatrics（P< 0.05）. SO2 concentration was negatively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system,skin and subcutaneous tissue（P< 0.05）. The concentration of NO2,PM10 and PM2.5 were positively correlated with the average daily outpatient volume of respiratory system and pediatrics（P< 0.05）. @*Conclusion @#The main air pollutants in Zhoushan were O3,PM2.5 and PM10. When they exceed the limits,the outpatient volume would increase.
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OBJECTIVE@#The Jidong Women Health Cohort Study is a prospective cohort study on female-specific characteristics and risks of chronic diseases in Chinese women and focuses on the potential association between menopause and risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD).@*METHODS@#The study includes 4,179 female participants with an age of older than 18 years from Caofeidian district, Tangshan city, northern China. Baseline information on female-specific characteristics and potential cardiovascular risk factors was collected and all the participants underwent a physical examination with blood samples collected in 2013. To establish a better risk assessment tool of female CVD, updated information from questionnaire investigation, physical examinations and occurrence of outcome events will be collected through a longitudinal follow-up annually up to the year 2024.@*RESULTS@#At baseline, Mean age of the participants was 42.3 ± 12.8 years. Reproduction occurred in 2,948 participants (70.5%), menopausal transition in 173 (4.3%), and postmenopause in 1,058 (25.3%). The incidence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes showed significant difference across different groups stratified by Stage of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) system (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The Jidong Women Health Cohort Study will contribute to the scientific evidence on association between female-specific characteristics and cardiovascular risks, and will also be helpful to provide a new path for early detection and prevention of CVD.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Menopause , Research Design , Risk Factors , Women's HealthABSTRACT
With the development of medicine, sleep disorders have been taken seriously by clinicians of all disciplines, but there is no systematic, intuitive and comprehensive understanding of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). It is even considered that excessive sleepiness is not a disease and does not require treatment. This review describes the concept, pathogenesis, pathophysiological mechanisms, related complications, evaluation and treatment of EDS.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the effect of laser fluence and scanning velocity on ablation efficiency of enamel and dentin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two extracted human incisors and two molars were cut transversely along the axial plane with a diamond saw to obtain dentin and enamel slices with thickness of about 1 mm. Samples were fixed on a motorized translation stage, the linear reciprocating movement in the plane perpendicular to the direction of laser incident was programmed by the controller, and the laser focused on the tooth surface, then 36 ablation lines on enamel and 48 ablation lines on dentin were produced. A femtosecond laser system with wavelength of 800 nm, pulse width 30 fs, repetition frequency 1000 Hz was used, and the diameter of the focused spot was approximately 25 µm. A group of different fluence (1.33, 1.77, 2.21, 4.42, 8.85, 17.69 J/cm(2) for enamel and 0.44, 0.66, 0.88, 1.33, 1.77, 2.21, 4.42, 6.63 J/cm(2) for dentin) and two scanning velocity (10 mm/s and 20 mm/s) were tested. Confocal laser scanning microscope was used to measure the ablation volume.Ablation efficiency for enamel and dentin was then calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under the fluence of 8.85 J/cm(2) there was the highest ablation efficiency for enamel, 18.703×10(-3) mm(3)/J (20 mm/s), and the highest ablation efficiency for dentin was found under the fluence of 2.21 J/cm(2), ie.223.458×10(-3) mm(3)/J (20 mm/s).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fluence and scanning speed of this femtosecond laser can affect ablation efficiency for both enamel and dentin, and this suggests that with appropriate choice of fluence and scanning speed we can improve the ablation efficiency for enamel and dentin.</p>
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Humans , Dental Enamel , Radiation Effects , Dentin , Radiation Effects , Incisor , Lasers , MolarABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:At the beginning of the 20th century a strength training method in the backward direction appeared:hip stress strength training method. There are many articles focusing on the concept, function, effect and mechanism of this training method. So far, relevant research has formed a unique branch of special strength training research directions. OBJECTIVE:To conclude the concept, function, effect, features and mechanisms of hip stress technical strength training through the systematic analysis of literature concerning hip stress strength training. METHODS:CNKI (1998/2010) and Wanfang databases were searched by the first author for relevant articles. The keywords were“hip stress, strength training, trajectory control, exercise training, muscle strength, knee, physical fitness, bone”in Chinese and English. The obtained data were summarized using contrast method and logic analysis method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 90 papers were retrieved, and final y 34 papers were included. The results showed that the hip technical strength training method is the most effective training method currently to cultivate the running, jumping and throwing back pedaling force after hip extension forces. It has a new training idea and special training equipments, which can effectively solve many sports difficulties in strength training and technical training and has the vital significance for the high-level sports training, skil s assessment and sports teaching. Hip stress special technical strength training research has formed a special research branch of special strength trainings, which wil play a more significant research role.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in small mammals from the forest area of Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Small mammals captured from Gaoligong and Xianggelila mountainous area of Yunnan province were detected by PCR amplification. The sequences of 16S rRNA and Msp4 gene fragments from positive samples were compared with corresponding sequences deposited in GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total number of 436 small animals, which belongs to 5 orders 18 genera 35 species were tested, 32 (7.34%) were positive in 6 genera 11 species. There were 8.64% (26/301) positive in 25 species at Goligong mountainous areas, and 4.44% (6/135) were positive in 19 species at the Xianggelila mountainous areas. Positive small mammals were most rodents. The nucleotide sequences of A.phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene amplified from small mammals varied from 99% - 100% and were 99% - 100% similar with the corresponding segments of A. phagocytophilum from Jilin deposited in GeneBank. The sequences of A. phagocytophilum Msp4 gene showed that there was 95% - 97% similarity with the corresponding sequences registered in GenBank.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A. phagocytophilum was firstly identified in 6 genera 11 species small mammals from a forest area of Hengduan Mountainous areas in southwestern China. Rodents might serve as the primary hosts indicating the potential risk to the domestic animals and human beings in this area.</p>